Introduction:
Menstrual disorders refer to abnormal conditions in a woman’s menstrual cycle, including irregular periods, heavy bleeding, painful cramps, or missed periods. These can affect fertility, mood, and quality of life.

Common Types:

• Amenorrhea: Absence of periods

• Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods

• Menorrhagia: Excessive bleeding

• Oligomenorrhea: Infrequent periods

• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation

Causes:

• Hormonal imbalance (e.g., PCOS, thyroid disorders)

• Uterine abnormalities (fibroids, polyps)

• Eating disorders or excessive stress

• Certain medications or contraception

• Chronic illnesses

Diagnosis:

• Pelvic exam

• Hormonal blood tests

• Ultrasound

• Endometrial biopsy (if needed)

Treatment:

• Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, progesterone)

• Pain relievers (NSAIDs)

• Iron supplements for anemia

• Surgical options in severe cases (e.g., fibroid removal)

Conclusion:
Timely diagnosis and treatment of menstrual disorders help maintain reproductive health and daily well-being.